¿Debemos manejar la hiperuricemia asintomática para proteger al riñón?

Contexto: el ácido úrico es el producto final de la degradación de las purinas en los primates, en condiciones normales es un agente antioxidante endógeno y participa en varias vías fisiológicas, sin embargo, cuando los niveles séricos de urato se incrementan, estos participan en el desarrollo de diversas enfermedades. Desde el siglo XIX se conoce de la asociación entre hiperuricemia y daño renal, aunque ninguna guía de manejo recomienda el uso de fármacos hipouricemiantes en pacientes asintomáticos, en algunos casos especiales, el manejo farmacológico beneficiará a pacientes con hiperuricemia, brindando protección al riñón y disminuyendo el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad renal terminal. Objetivo: describir la relación entre hiperuricemia y daño renal, y analizar los casos en los que el manejo de esta condición con medicamentos resultará en un beneficio para el riñón de los pacientes. Metodología: revisión de la literatura sobre la participación de la hiperuricemia en el daño renal y análisis de los artículos revisados. Resultados: el manejo de la hiperuricemia asintomática puede proteger el riñón en algunas situaciones específicas. Conclusiones: hay situaciones específicas para la disminución de los niveles séricos de ácido úrico.

Background: Uric acid is the end product of purine degradation in primates, under normal conditions it is an endogenous antioxidant agent and participates in several physiological pathways. However, when serum urate levels are increased, they participate in the development of various diseases. Since the nineteenth century, the association between hyperuricemia and kidney damage has been known. Although no management guideline recommends the use of hypouricemic drugs in asymptomatic patients, in some special cases pharmacological management will benefit patients with hyperuricemia, providing protection to the kidney and decreasing the risk of developing end-stage renal disease. Purpose: To describe the relationship between hyperuricemia and kidney damage, and to analyze the cases in which the management of this condition with medications will result in a benefit for the kidney of patients. Methodology: Review of the literature on the involvement of hyperuricemia in kidney damage, analysis of the reviewed articles. Results: Management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia may protect the kidney in some specific situations. Conclusions: There are specific situations for the decrease of serum uric acid levels.

Progress on the relationship between hyperoxia exposure and renal development in premature infants / 国际儿科学杂志

Oxygen therapy is a common therapeutic method to improve oxygenation of premature infants, but long-term exposure to high oxygen can cause damage to immature organs and abnormal development.In addition to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy, high oxygen levels will increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and hypertension in adulthood.High oxygen exposure can lead to kidney damage and developmental abnormalities in premature infants, including reduced number and increased volume of glomeruli, renal cell apoptosis, and abnormal development of renal tubules.The mechanism may be related to abnormal signaling pathways related to renal development.This article reviews the relationship between hyperoxia and kidney development and the possible mechanism of kidney disease, in an attempt to provide theoretical reference for early clinical intervention.

Factor reumatoide en vasculitis ANCA asociadas / Rheumatoid factor in ANCA associated vasculitis

Introducción: las pruebas de factor reumatoide (FR) se utilizan principalmente para el diagnóstico de artritis reumatoidea (AR), sin embargo, también pueden estar presentes en otras enfermedades. Su significado clínico en contexto de vasculitis ANCA asociadas (VAA) todavía es incierto. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer el significado clínico y pronóstico del FR en pacientes con VAA. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo. Se evaluaron pacientes con diagnóstico de VAA (granulomatosis con poliangitis -GPA-, poliangitis microscópica -PAM- y granulomatosis eosinofílica con poliangitis -GEPA-), mayores de 18 años, con FR solicitado antes del inicio del tratamiento. Se recolectaron los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, tipo de VAA, duración de la enfermedad, tratamiento, órganos afectados, Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), Five Factor Score (FFS), eritrosedimentación, proteína C reactiva, requerimiento de diálisis, asistencia respiratoria mecánica, mortalidad y causa de muerte. Se calculó el odds ratio (OR) y su intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%) para determinar la fuerza de asociación entre las variables. Resultados: incluimos 32 pacientes en los que encontramos 31,2% de FR positivo. Comparados con aquellos con FR negativo, no hubo diferencias significativas con respecto a manifestaciones clínicas, ni actividad de la enfermedad medida por el BVAS y reactantes de fase aguda. La presencia de factor reumatoide se asoció a menor ingreso a diálisis (OR 0.14 IC 0,02-0,8; p=0,02) y mortalidad (p=0,04). No hubo diferencias significativas con respecto al FFS. Conclusiones: en nuestro estudio la presencia de FR en pacientes con vasculitis ANCA se asoció a menor requerimiento de diálisis y menor mortalidad. Estos hallazgos no se correlacionaron estadísticamente con el FFS. No se encontró asociación entre la presencia de FR y el compromiso de órgano, actividad de la enfermedad, ni requerimiento de asistencia respiratoria mecánica.

Introduction: rheumatoid factor tests are mainly used for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, it may also be present in other diseases. Its clinical significance in the context of ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) is still uncertain. The objective was to establish the clinical and prognostic significance of RF in patients with AAV. Materials and methods: a retrospective observational study was carried out. Patients with a diagnosis of AAV (GPA, MAP and AGEP) over 18 years of age with RF requested before the start of treatment were evaluated. The following data were collected: age, sex, type of AAV, disease duration, treatment, affected organs, Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), Five Factor Score (FFS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, dialysis requirement, attendance mechanical ventilation, mortality and cause of death. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to determine the strength of association between variables. Results: we included 32 patients in whom we found 31.2% positive RF. Compared to those with negative RF, there were no significant differences with respect to clinical manifestations, nor disease activity measured by BVAS and acute phase reactants. The presence of the rheumatoid factor was associated with lower admission to dialysis (OR 0.14 CI 0.02-0.8 p=0.02) and mortality (p=0.04). There were no significant differences with respect to FFS. Conclusions: in our study, the presence of RF in patients with ANCA vasculitis was associated with a lower requirement for dialysis and lower mortality. These findings were not statistically correlated with the FFS. No association was found between the presence of RF and organ involvement, disease activity, or mechanical ventilation requirement.

The protective effect of lycopene against oxidative kidney damage associated with combined use of isoniazid and rifampicin in rats

It is known that the combined use of antibiotics, such as isoniazid and rifampicin, in the treatment of tuberculosis causes oxidative kidney damage. The aim of this study was to biochemically and histopathologically investigate the effect of lycopene on oxidative kidney damage due to the administration of isoniazid and rifampicin in albino Wistar male rats. Lycopene at a dose of 5 mg/kg was orally administered to lycopene+isoniazid+rifampicin (LIR) rats, and normal sunflower oil (0.5 mL) was orally administered to isoniazid+rifampicin (IR) and healthy control (HG) rats as vehicle by gavage. One hour after the administration of lycopene and vehicle, 50 mg/kg isoniazid and rifampicin were given orally to the LIR and IR groups. This procedure was performed once a day for 28 days. Rats were sacrificed by a high dose of anesthesia at the end of this period, and oxidant-antioxidant parameters were measured in the removed kidney tissues. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured in blood samples, and kidney tissues were also evaluated histopathologically. The combined administration of isoniazid and rifampicin changed the oxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of oxidants, and it increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, which are indicators of kidney function. Co-administration of isoniazid and rifampicin also caused oxidative kidney damage. Lycopene biochemically and histopathologically decreased oxidative kidney damage induced by isoniazid and rifampicin administration. These results suggested that lycopene may be beneficial in the treatment of nephrotoxicity due to isoniazid and rifampicin administration.

Daño renal agudo en pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva, Guantánamo 2018-2019 / Acute kidney injury in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in Guantanamo, 2018-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: El daño renal agudo es una complicación frecuente en las Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, sobre todo en pacientes con ventilación mecánica. Objetivo: Caracterizar el daño renal agudo en los pacientes tratados con ventilación mecánica invasiva en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" durante el periodo 2108-2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal, que se aprobó por el Comité de Ética. El universo de estudio se constituyó por el total de pacientes con este diagnóstico según la clasificación Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). Se estudiaron las características de los pacientes (necesidad y duración de la VAM, necesidad de hemodiálisis, estado al egreso) y del daño renal agudo (estadio y etiología). Resultados: El 47,5 % de los pacientes tratados con este soporte vital presentó un daño renal agudo, sobre todo los que la demandaron por siete o más días (68,4 %). El riesgo de muerte fue superior en los pacientes que requirieron ventilación mecánica o hemodiálisis. En los pacientes con daño renal estadio 2 y 3 de la clasificación que se utilizó presentaron un riesgo tres veces o más superior comparado con los que no necesitaron estas terapias. La sepsis (69,4 %) fue la principal causa del daño renal agudo. Conclusiones: El uso de ventilación mecánica invasiva y la presentación de un daño renal agudo son condiciones con una fuerte asociación, juntas y separadas se correlacionan con la mortalidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute kidney injury is a very common complication in the intensive care units, especially in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. Objective: To characterize acute kidney damage in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit at the General Teaching Hospital ¨Dr. Agostinho Neto¨ within the period 2018-2019. Method: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study approved by the Ethics Committee was carried out. The study population was constituted by the total of patients with the diagnosis, according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). Characteristics and variables like: reason for the invasive mechanical ventilation, its duration, hemodialysis, and status of the patient at time of discharge were taken into account, along with the characteristics of the kidney injury (stages and etiology). Results: 47.5 % of the patients treated with life support showed acute kidney injury, especially the ones with more than a week of mechanical ventilation (68.4 %). The risk of death was higher in the patients with mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis. In the patients with stage 2 and 3 of the scale used for kidney injury presented 3 times more risk compared to those who did not require these treatments. Sepsis was the main cause of acute kidney injury (69.4 %). Conclusions: the use of invasive mechanical ventilation and acute kidney injury are deeply related to each other, both of them constitute main issues in the variables of mortality.

Diabetes as a risk factor of acute kidney injury in vancomycin users: an observational and prospective study

Diabetes was investigated as a risk factor for nephrotoxicity induced by vancomycin. In the present study, the drug's nephrotoxic effect was indirectly evaluated by Glomerular Filtration Rate, albuminuria and serum levels of creatinine and urea on the 1st, 7th and 14th days of vancomicyn therapy in a group of diabetic and non-diabetic patients, with and without previous nephropathy. The correlations between investigated variables (including the population's epidemiological profile and hospital care) were measured by the Spearman test. The sample consisted of 132 patients, predominantly male diabetic patients with previous nephropathy, over 40 years, receiving ≥ 10 grams of vancomycin for the treatment of infectious diseases and showing satisfactory clinical outcomes. A risk of vancomycin drug interaction with potential nephrotoxic outcome was observed in 36.4% of patients who used multiple drugs. Furthermore, 80% of patients had an increase of at least 0.5 mg.dL-1 in baseline serum levels of creatinine and urea at the end of the study. This was more common among the diabetic patients with previous nephropathy, showing higher albuminuria and a reduction in the Glomerular Filtration Rate. Therefore, it has been recommended that the use of vancomycin in diabetic patients should be in careful dosages and that kidney functioning be monitored.

Quantification of aristolochic acids and their DNA adducts in mice kidney and liver by HPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to establish a quantitative method of 4 aristolochic acids-DNA adducts in mice kidney and liver based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS) for monitoring the content changes of aristolochic acids-DNA adducts. A Shiseido Capcellpak AQ C_(18) column(3 mm×100 mm, 3 μm) was used, with a mixture of 0.2% acetic acid-5 mmol·L~(-1) ammonium acetate as the aqueous phase and methanol as the organic phase for gradient elution. The multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) scanning method under positive mode by electrospray ionization(ESI) was performed for the detection of the aristolochic acids-DNA adducts which formed by combining aristolochic acid Ⅰ/Ⅱ with deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, and deoxycytidine, respectively. Balb/c mice were given Guanmutong extract by gavage, and the relative content of aristolochic acids-DNA adducts in liver and kidney samples were analyzed within 60 days. It was found that the concentration of 4 aristolochic acids-DNA adducts in the kidney was significantly higher than that in the liver, and there were about 15.87 adducts in per 1×10~6 normal deoxynucleosides, which was 4.5-7.5 times than that of the liver. What's more, some adducts can still be detected on the 30 th day after administration. The concentration of the adducts in the liver was highest on the first day after administration, and a second peak appeared during the 7 th to 14 th days. The results indicated that aristolochic acids-DNA adducts are difficult to eliminate in vivo, and it is of great significance to study the mechanism of liver and kidney injury of aristolochic acid.

Clinical analysis of early damage in multiple extra-pulmonary organs in COVID-19 / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical manifestations of heart, liver and kidney damages in the early stage of COVID-19 to identify the indicators for these damages.@*METHODS@#We analyzed the clinical features, underlying diseases, and indicators of infection in 12 patients with COVID-19 on the second day after their admission to our hospital between January 20 and February 20, 2020.The data including CK-MB, aTnI, BNP, heart rate, changes in ECG, LVEF (%), left ventricular general longitudinal strain (GLS, measured by color Doppler ultrasound) were collected.The changes of liver function biochemical indicators were dynamically reviewed.BUN, UCR, eGFR, Ccr, and UACR and the levels of MA, A1M, IGU, and TRU were recorded.@*RESULTS@#The 12 patients included 2 severe cases, 8 common type cases, and 2 mild cases.Four of the patients presented with sinus tachycardia, ECG changes and abnormal GLS in spite of normal aTNI and LVEF; 1 patient had abnormal CKMB and BNP.On the first and third days following admission, the patients had normal ALT, AST and GGT levels.On day 7, hepatic function damage occurred in the severe cases, manifested by elevated ALT and AST levels.Abnormalities of eGFR, Ccr and UACR occurred in 8, 5 and 5 of the patients, respectively.Abnormal elevations of MA, A1M, IGU and TRU in urine protein were observed in 4, 4, 5, and 2 of the patients, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In patients with COVID-19, heart damage can be identified early by observing the GLS and new abnormalities on ECG in spite of normal aTNI and LVEF.Early liver injury is not obvious in these patients, but dynamic monitoring of the indicators of should be emplemented, especially in severe cases. In cases with normal CR and BUN, kidney damage can be detected early by calculating eGFR, Ccr and UACR and urine protein tests.

Marcadores de daño, factores de progresión y causas de Enfermedad renal crónica en adultos mayores / Damage markers, progression factors and causes of chronic kidney disease in older adults

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica está presente en el 20 % de la población adulta mayor, lo que genera numerosos gastos sanitarios. Objetivo: Caracterizar la enfermedad renal crónica en adultos mayores. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal. Se basó en un pesquisaje mediante la estimación de filtrado glomerular (fórmula CKD-EPI), utilizando la creatinina sérica y otros exámenes de laboratorio, repetidos a los tres meses para su confirmación; efectuado en el periodo de mayo de 2014 a mayo de 2015, en los consultorios del médico y enfermera de la familia 13,14 y 42 del Entronque de Pilotos. El universo fue de 389 pacientes y la muestra de 109. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial (frecuencias absolutas, frecuencias relativas y las prueba X2, la prueba de Bartholomew) con un nivel de significación del 95 %. Resultados: La hematuria fue el marcador más frecuente seguido por la albuminuria y la proteinuria. La HTA aquejaba a 94 pacientes (86,2 %), seguido por las enfermedades cardiovasculares 73 (77,0 %) y la diabetes mellitus con 47 pacientes (43,6 %). Hubo un predominio de la hipertensión arterial y de la diabetes mellitus como causas probables de la enfermedad con 58 y 20 casos, lo que representa el 53,2 % y el 18,3 % respectivamente. Conclusiones: La enfermedad superó las tasas de prevalencia existentes en el área de salud, fue frecuente la presencia de marcadores de daño renal y factores de progresión.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is present in 20% of the elderly population, causing numerous health expenses. Objective: To characterize chronic kidney disease in older adults. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive and longitudinal study was conducted. It was based on a screening test using the CKD-EPI equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate, as well as serum creatinine measurements and other laboratory tests. These tests were repeated three months later for confirmation; and they were carried out in the period from May 2014 to May 2015 in Family Doctors Offices and Nurse Clinics 13,14 and 42 of "Entronque de Pilotos". The universe and the sample were composed of 389 and 109 patients, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics (absolute frequencies, relative frequencies, x-2 test and Bartholomew's test) with a significance level of 95% were used. Results: Hematuria was the most frequent marker followed by albuminuria and proteinuria. Arterial hypertension (AHT) affected 94 patients (86.2%), followed by cardiovascular diseases with 73 patients (77.0%) and diabetes mellitus with 47 ones (43.6%). There was a predominance of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus as probable causes of the disease with 58 and 20 cases, representing 53.2% and 18.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The disease exceeded the prevalence rates in the health area; the presence of markers of kidney damage and progression factors was frequent.

Protective Roles of Kolaviron Extract from Garcinia kola Seeds against Isoniazid-induced Kidney Damage in Wistar Rats

Background: Garcinia kola seeds have been observed to be medically important and kolaviron, a bioflavonoid obtained from the seeds was studied for its biological activities. The study investigated the protective effect of kolaviron extract obtained from the seed of Garcinia kola against isoniazid-induced kidney damage. Methodology: Kolaviron was extracted from fresh seeds of Garcinia kola (2 kg) using soxhlet extractor and partitioned with chloroform. Nephrotoxicity was induced in wistar rats by oral administration of isoniazid (20 mg/kg bwt) while kolaviron was administered on wistar rats an hour before isoniazid administration and lasted for 30 days. Protective effect of kolaviron was measured in the plasma of wistar rats by estimating the levels of key metabolites used as kidney biomarkers which are total protein, creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration. Results: The isoniazid-treated group showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total protein concentration of 3.57 ± 0.12 (mg/dl) while there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations with values of 70.30 ± 4.77, 55.71 ± 11.15 and 18.04 ± 5.33 (mg/dl) respectively. However, kolaviron-treated group showed a remarkable increase (6.15 ± 0.96) in total protein concentration while urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations significantly decreased to 45.25 ± 2.29, 35.60 ± 11.01 and 13.28 ± 4.41 (mg/dl) respectively. Conclusion: Kolaviron extract obtained from Garcinia kola seeds exhibited a remarkable protective effect against kidney damage caused by isoniazid by regulating renal biomarkers and preventing toxic affront of isoniazid. Thus, it may be relatively safe when used therapeutically at this dose in the treatment and management of diseases associated with kidney damage.

Relationship between OGTT blood glucose levels and early kidney damage in patients with essential hypertension / 医学研究生学报

Objective More and more research shows microangiopathy may occur in the early stage of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between OGTT 1-hour hyperglycemia (1hPG) and 2-hour hyperglycemia (2hPG) levels and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR).Methods We retrospectively analyzed 408 patients with primary hypertension of grade 2 or above who were eligible for 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) outpatient and inpatient visits from September 2015 to April 2018 in our hospital for a course of up to 10 years. All selected participants underwent an OGTT test (1 and 2 hour post-sugar glucose) and records were made on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), OGTT1-hour blood glucose (1 hPG), OGTT 2-hour blood glucose (2 hPG). All the patients were divided into 4 groups according to blood glucose levels: NGT group (n=100), 1 h PG group(n=102), 2h PG group(n=104), 1h PG/2h PG group (n=102). Records were made on the clinical data of 408 patients, including height, weight, BMI, gender, age, history of hypertension, smoking history, blood pressure, blood lipids, creatinine and other general clinical data, and the calculation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values was based on creatinine values and age values to analyze the relationship between 1 hHPG and 2 hHPG levels with ACR.Results No significant difference was found among the four groups in the aspects of hypertension course, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure, lipid metabolism index and fasting blood glucose(P>0.05). There were significant difference in systolic blood pressure, serumcreatinine, eGFR, and ACR among different levels of increased blood glucose(P<0.05). ACR in 1h PG group, 2h PG group and 1h PG/2h PG group were significantly higher than NGT group(P<0.01), ACR in 1h HPG/2hHPG was significantly higher than 1h PG group(P<0.05) and ACR in 1h PG group was significantly higher than 2h HPG group(P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that 1h PG(OR=2.461, 95%CI:1.947-3.112), creatinine (OR=1.071, 95%CI:1.027-1.117) and 2h PG(OR=2.016, 95%CI:1.500-2.710) were risk factors for microalbuminuria(P<0.01).Conclusion The abnormalities of 1h PG and 2h PG are associated with ACR, which may become the key index for predicting early kidney damage.

Emodin alleviated kidney damage in high fat diet induced obese mice / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To explore the protective effect of emodin on kidney damage in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Methods Male C57bl/ 6 mice were divided into groups according to diet and treatment. Collagen Ⅳ(Col4), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase(PI3K), phosphorylated phosphoinositol 3-kinase(p-PI3K), protein kinase (Akt), and phosphorylated protein kinase(p-Akt) were measured by Western blotting method. Results Col4 was increased, while p-PI3K and p-Akt were decreased in kidney tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. However, there was lower level of Col4, but higher levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt in kidneys. Conclusion Kidney damage of high-fat diet-induced obese mice seems to be alleviated by emodin via improving insulin sensitivity.

Research progress in renal injury relevant to primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the exocrine glands that results in multiple organs and systems damage.Renal injury affects 0.3％-27.0％ patients,The most frequent form of nephropathy in pSS is tubulointerstitial nephritis.The main clinical manifestation is renal tubular acidosis.The renal prognosis in patients with pSS is usually favorable,but renal failure may occur.At present,it still lacks of strict consensus or guideline for the treatment.

Effect of Long-Term Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectory on Kidney Damage in the Diabetic Population: A Prospective Study in a Community-Based Chinese Cohort / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Previous studies have shown that hypertension is an important factor contributing to the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney damage. However, the relationship between the patterns of blood pressure (BP) trajectory and kidney damage in the diabetic population remains unclear. This prospective study investigated the effect of long-term systolic BP (SBP) trajectory on kidney damage in the diabetic population based on an 8-year follow-up community-based cohort.</p><p><b>Methods</b>This study included 4556 diabetic participants among 101,510 participants. BP, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary protein were measured every 2 years from 2006 to 2014. SBP trajectory was identified by the censored normal modeling. Five discrete SBP trajectories were identified according to SBP range and the changing pattern over time. Kidney damage was evaluated through eGFR and urinary protein value. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of different SBP trajectory groups on kidney damage.</p><p><b>Results</b>We identified five discrete SBP trajectories: low-stable group (n = 864), moderate-stable group (n = 1980), moderate increasing group (n = 609), elevated decreasing group, (n = 679), and elevated stable group (n = 424). The detection rate of kidney damage in the low-stable group (SBP: 118-124 mmHg) was the lowest among the five groups. The detection rate of each kidney damage index was higher in the elevated stable group (SBP: 159-172 mmHg) compared with the low-stable group. For details, the gap was 4.14 (11.6% vs. 2.8%) in eGFR <60 ml·min·1.73 m and 3.66 (17.2% vs. 4.7%), 3.38 (25.0% vs. 7.4%), and 1.8 (10.6% vs. 5.9%) times in positive urinary protein, eGFR <60 ml·min·1.73 m and/or positive urinary protein, and eGFR decline ≥30%, respectively (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>An elevated stable SBP trajectory is an independent risk factor for kidney damage in the diabetic population.</p>

Expression and significance of UAlb/Cr ,eGFR ,SCr and Cys-C in H-type hypertension patients with early kidney damage / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the expression and significance of urinary albumin/creatinine (UAlb/Cr) ,glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ,serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (Cys-C) in H-type hypertension patients with early renal damage .Methods Totally 130 cases of H-type hypertensive patients from July 2015 to June 2016 in this hospital was conducted .According to glomer-ular filtration rate (GFR) ,those patients were divided into normal renal function group (n=62 ,GFR≥90 mL/L) and kidney dam-age group (n=73 ,GFR<90 mL/L) .Cys-C was detected by latex turbidimetry and UAlb/Cr ,SCr was detected by creatine oxidase method ,MDRD were used to calculate eGFR .The expression of UAlb/Cr ,eGFR ,SCr and Cys-C were analyzed ,and the risk factors of UAlb/Cr and eGFR were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis .Results The levels of UAlb/Cr ,SCr and Cys-C in normal re-nal function group were lower than those in kidney damage group (P<0 .05) ,and the level of eGFR was significantly higher than that of kidney damage group (P<0 .05) .Age ,course of disease ,Hcy ,DBP were closely related to UAlb/Cr(P<0 .05) .Age ,course of disease ,Hcy were closely related to eGFR (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of UAlb/Cr ,eGFR ,SCr and Cys-C is closely related to H-type hypertension patients with early kidney damage .

Protective effect of total saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng on cisplatin-induced kidney damage in mice and its mechanism / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of total saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced kidney damage in mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS Thirty-two male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group, CDDP group, and GSLS(150 and 300)+CDDP groups. GSLS was administered to mice by oral gavage once a day for 7 d. On the 7th day, a single injection of CDDP 20 mg·kg-1 was given 1 h after GSLS 150 and 300 mg·kg-1 before GSLS 150 and 300 mg·kg-1 continued to be given for 3 d. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) , catalase (CAT) in renal tissue, reduced glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α) and interleukin 1β(IL-1β) of cisplatin induced mice were detected after 72 h. HE and PAS staining were used to observe the renal histopathological changes;While TUNEL and Hoechst33258 staining were employed to observe apoptosis in kidney tissues. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, CDDP group had a significant reduction in relative body mass (P<0.05), and the level of GSH and CAT in kidney tissues (P<0.05). The level of CRE, BUN, TNF-α, and IL-1βin serum and renal indexes significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), especially BUN and CRE that respectively doubled and quadrupled. CDDP group developed glomerulus swelling, renal tubular expansion and epithelial cell necrosis. Trans?parent tube type of tube cavity appeared, the nucleus pycnosis disappeared, but renal interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration appeared. There was a large amount of glycogen deposition and high expressions of TUNEL positive cells and Hoechst33258 positive cells. Compared with CDDP group, the levels of BUN and CRE in GSLS treatment group significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in serum, glycogen deposition was reducted and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells decreased in kidney tissues (P<0.05). The level of TNF-α, IL-1β(P<0.05) and the degree of renal tissue necrosis were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in CDDP+GSLS 300 group, but there was a significant increase in the level of CAT and GSH (P<0.05). CONCLUSION GSLS can protect against mouse kidney injury induced by cisplatin. The mechanism may be related to oxidation, reduced inflammation reaction and resistance to apoptosis.

Expression and significance of UAlb/Cr ,eGFR ,SCr and Cys-C in H-type hypertension patients with early kidney damage / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the expression and significance of urinary albumin/creatinine (UAlb/Cr) ,glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ,serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (Cys-C) in H-type hypertension patients with early renal damage .Methods Totally 130 cases of H-type hypertensive patients from July 2015 to June 2016 in this hospital was conducted .According to glomer-ular filtration rate (GFR) ,those patients were divided into normal renal function group (n=62 ,GFR≥90 mL/L) and kidney dam-age group (n=73 ,GFR<90 mL/L) .Cys-C was detected by latex turbidimetry and UAlb/Cr ,SCr was detected by creatine oxidase method ,MDRD were used to calculate eGFR .The expression of UAlb/Cr ,eGFR ,SCr and Cys-C were analyzed ,and the risk factors of UAlb/Cr and eGFR were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis .Results The levels of UAlb/Cr ,SCr and Cys-C in normal re-nal function group were lower than those in kidney damage group (P<0 .05) ,and the level of eGFR was significantly higher than that of kidney damage group (P<0 .05) .Age ,course of disease ,Hcy ,DBP were closely related to UAlb/Cr(P<0 .05) .Age ,course of disease ,Hcy were closely related to eGFR (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of UAlb/Cr ,eGFR ,SCr and Cys-C is closely related to H-type hypertension patients with early kidney damage .

Persistencia mayor a tres meses de tasa de filtrado glomerular disminuida y de marcadores de daño renal en una muestra de estudiantes de bioquímica de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (Santa Fe, Argentina). 2014-2015 / Decreased glomerular filtration rate and markers of kidney damage persisting for more than three months in a sample of biochemistry students of the Universidad Nacional del Litoral (Santa Fe, Argentine). 2014-2015

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las etapas iniciales de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) son asintomáticas y los pacientes pueden ignorar su condición o descubrirlo en una consulta de rutina o por otra patología. Dada esta característica y la alta prevalencia mundial aceptada de ERC es necesario disponer de datos confiables para aportar evidencia al conocimiento sobre la enfermedad en la región, atendiendo a la condición de cronicidad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo en 81 estudiantes. Período mayo 2014-diciembre 2015. Se estimó Tasa de Filtrado Glomerular (TFG) por CKD-EPI y clearance de creatinina. Para establecer daño renal se realizó orina completa en primera micción de la mañana: tira reactiva y sedimento urinario y proteinuria. Los estudiantes con TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73m2, proteinuria, hematuria y/o cilindruria fueron reevaluados a los 3 meses para establecer la cronicidad de los hallazgos. RESULTADOS: En la primera visita 27,2% de los estudiantes presentó proteinuria> 150 mg/24 h, 8,6% hematuria y 1,2% cilindruria, aisladas o combinadas, con TFG > 60 mL/min/1,73m2, y 1,2% presentó TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73m2. En la reevaluación a los 3 meses los hallazgos fueron persistentes en 11,2% de los sujetos estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: La proporción hallada de jóvenes aparentemente sanos con función renal disminuida o marcadores de daño renal persistentes en un seguimiento superior a 3 meses aporta evidencia a la dimensión del problema de la enfermedad renal crónica

INTRODUCTION: Early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are asymptomatic and patients may ignore their condition or discover it in a routine medical consultation or because of the consultation about other disease. CKD high global prevalence is accepted. Reliable data is needed to provide evidence and knowledge about the disease in the region. METHODS: Descriptive study. 81 students. Period May 2014 to December 2015. Glomerular Filtration Rate, GFR, was estimated by CKD-EPI and creatinine clearance. Kidney damage was determined in 1st morning urine: test strip and urinary sediment and proteinuria. Students with GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2, proteinuria, hematuria and / or cylindruria were reassessed at 3 months to establish chronicity. RESULTS: In the first visit 27.2% of the students presented proteinuria >150 mg/24 h; 8.6% hematuria and 1.2% cylindruria, isolated or combined with GFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 and 1.2% had GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2. At 3 months reevaluation persistent findings were seen in 11.2% of the subjects studied. CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of apparently healthy young people with persistent impaired renal function or markers of renal damage in a follow-up greater than 3 months provides an evidence of the magnitude of the CKD problem

Effects of Different Doses of Simvastatin on the Related Indexes of Patients with Contrast-induced Nephropa-thy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of different doses of Simvastatin on the related indexes of patients with con-trast-induced nephropathy(CIN). METHODS:168 patients received coronary angiography surgery(CAG)and percutaneous coro-nary stent implantation(PCI)were randomly divided into control group(42 cases),low-dose(42 cases),medium-dose(42 cas-es)and high-dose groups(42 cases),all patients were given Lohexol injection 20 ml. 0.9% Sodium chloride injection was intrave-nously infused at a rate of 2 ml/(kg·h)4 h before radiography until the end,then 0.9% Sodium chloride injection was still intrave-nously infused at a rate of 2 ml/(kg·h)in the end and 48 h after radiography. 48 h before radiography,low-dose group was orally given Simvastatin tablet 20 mg Medium-dose group was orally given Simvastatin tablet 40 mg. high-dose group was orally given Simvastatin tablet 80 mg,once a day. All patients were treated for 4 d. Kidney function indexes(Scr,Ccr,BUN),kidney damage indexes(CysC,NGAL,mAlb),and inflammatory cytokines[(IL)-6,hs-CRP)] before and after radiography,and the incidences of CIN and adverse reactions in all group were observed. RESULTS:After radiography,kidney function indexes,NGAL and mAlb in all group,CysC in control group and low-dose group,CysC after 48 h radiography in medium-dose,high-dose groups were signifi-cantly higher than before,while all the indexes after 24 h radiography in medium-dose,high-dose groups were lower than low-dose group and control group,with statistical significances (P<0.05);after 48 h radiography,medium-dose,high-dose groups were lower than low-dose group,which was lower than control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05). After radiography,the in-flammatory cytokines in all groups were significantly higher than before,while medium-dose,high-dose groups were lower than low-dose group,which was lower than control group,with statistical significances (P<0.05). The incidence of CIN in medi-um-dose,high-dose groups were lower than low-dose group,which was lower than control group,with statistical significances (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in high-dose group was higher than medium-dose group,followed by low-dose group and control group,with statistical significances (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both medium-dose and high-dose of Simvas-tatin can effectively reduce the incidence of CIN,improve kidney functions,and reduce kidney damage indexes and inflammatory cytokine levels,while the safety of medium-dose is superior to high-dose.